REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR EXAM 3

 

(Updated Oct. 2006)

CLASSIFICATION/ ANIMAL BODY PLANS:

  1. What is taxonomy?

 

  1. Who was Carolus Linnaeus and what publication is he known for?  What date was it published?

 

  1. What are the 8 major taxonomic categories, and what order are they in from the broadest to the most restrictive category?

 

 

 

 

  1. Which taxonomic categories are capitalized and which are written in italics?

 

  1. Which two categories make up the scientific name?

 

  1. What is the complete classification of humans?

 

  1. What are two advantages of scientific names over common names?

 

 

 

  1. What is the definition of “species?”

 

 

  1. What is allopatric speciation?  Describe how it is thought to produce new species.

 

 

 

 

  1. Know the 6 Kingdoms and the distinguishing characteristics of each, as well as examples of each.

 

 

 

 

  1. Know what Domain each Kingdom is in.

 

 

 

  1. Know the different types of animal symmetry, and examples of animals from each type.

 

 

  1. What type lifestyle do animals with radial symmetry typically have?  those with bilateral symmetry?

 

 

 

  1. Know the following terms:  anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral and lateral.

 

 

  1. What is diploblastic and triploblastic organization?  Know which animal groups are diploblastic and which are triploblastic.

 

 

  1. What is the difference between mesoglea and mesoderm?  Which is found in diploblastic animals and which is found in triploblastic animals.

 

 

  1. Which organisms are at the unicellular level of organization?

 

  1. Where is the ectoderm found?  What structure does the endoderm line?

 

 

PROTOZOANS:

  1. Be able to identify the protozoans studied in lab-- see your lab manual for a listing.

 

  1. In what habitats are protozoans found?

 

  1. Define the terms:  symbiosis, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.

 

 

 

 

  1. What are some diseases caused by protozoans?  Know which protozoans that you studied in lab cause which diseases, and how they are transmitted.

 

 

 

 

  1. Describe the structures used for locomotion in protozoans.  Know which structures each of the protozoans we studied in lab use for locomotion (if they are motile at all).

 

  1. Describe nutrition, osmoregulation, and respiration in protozoans.

 

 

 

  1. How do various protozoans reproduce?  What is binary fission?  multiple fission (schizogony)?

 

 

  1. What parasite did we study uses schizogony for asexual reproduction?

 

  1. Know the general life cycle of  Plasmodium.   What are the hosts?  What type of reproduction does it have in each host?  What disease does it cause?

:

 

 

 

 

SPONGES:

  1. How closely are the various activities of sponge cells coordinated?

 

  1. What is a metazoan?

 

  1. What type(s) of symmetry do sponges exhibit?

 

  1. What tissues and organs do sponges have, if any?

 

  1. Describe the larva of sponges.

 

  1. In what habitats are sponges found?

 

  1. How do the adults differ from the larvae in their lifestyle?

 

  1. Describe digestion and excretion in sponges.

 

  1. What are spicules, and what materials can they be made of?

 

 

 

  1. How do sponges feed?  Describe the flow of water through sponges.  Know these structures and cell types:  ostia, spongocoel and oscula.

 

 

 

 

  1. What are the functions of choanocytes, amoebocytes and pinacocytes?

 

 

 

  1. Describe asexual and sexual reproduction in sponges.

 

 

 

 

  1. Know the distinguishing characteristics of the three sponge classes.

 

 

 

RADIATE ANIMALS:

  1. What type of symmetry do radial animals have?

 

  1. What two phyla make up the radiate animals?

 

  1. Describe the structure of cnidocytes.  What are nematocysts?  What do they do?

 

 

  1. Where are radiate animals found?

 

  1. Are radiate animals diploblastic, triploblastic or neither?

 

  1. Describe digestion in cnidarians.

 

  1. What is dimorphism and how does the term apply to the cnidarians?

 

  1. In which body form does sexual reproduction occur?  asexual reproduction?

 

 

  1. What is the name for the larva of radiate animals?

 

  1. What does dioecious mean?

 

  1. What does monoecious mean?

 

  1. Describe reproduction in the cnidarians.

 

 

 

  1. Know the characteristics and examples of each of the four Cnidarian classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Anthozoa.

 

 

  1. Know the life cycle of Obelia.  Be able to recognize the feeding and reproductive polyps.

 

 

 

  1. What is the common name for members of the phylum Ctenophora?  What are the characteristics of this phylum?

 

 

FLATWORMS:

  1. What does “Platyhelminthes” mean?

 

  1. Are the Platyhelminthes acoelomates, pseudocoelomates or eucoelomates?

 

  1. Are flatworms diploblastic or triploblastic?

 

  1. What type of symmetry do flatworms have?

 

  1. Describe the digestive system in Platyhelminthes.

 

  1. Do the Platyhelminthes have respiratory, circulatory or skeletal systems?

 

 

  1. Know the characteristics of the four classes of Platyhelminthes and examples of each (except Class Monogenea).

 

 

  1. Which class of Platyhelminthes is not exclusively parasitic?

 

  1. Describe the trematode life cycle.  Know the different possible larval stages.
  2. What is the intermediate host for almost all trematodes?

 

  1. In which host does asexual reproduction occur?  In which host does sexual reproduction occur?

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Know the life cycle of  Clonorchis.

 

 

 

  1. Know the life cycle of  Schistosoma.

 

 

 

  1. What class are the tapeworms in?

 

  1. Describe the anatomy of tapeworms, including their reproductive structures.  What are oncospheres and cysticerci?

 

  1. How do tapeworms obtain their nutrients?

 

  1. What are the three types of proglottids and how do they differ?

 

 

  1. Know the life cycle of the beef and pork tapeworm.

 

 

  1. Which tapeworm can infect humans in their larval stage and cause severe neurological damage?

 

 

 

NEMATODES:

  1. Are the nematodes acoelomates, pseudocoelomates or coelomates?

 

  1. Are most nematodes free-living or parasitic?

 

  1. In what habitats are nematodes found?

 

  1. How does their appearance differ from the flatworms?

 

  1. What type of symmetry do the nematodes have?

 

  1. Do nematodes have cilia or flagella?

 

  1. What is sexual dimorphism?

 

  1. Describe the digestive system of nematodes.

 

  1. Describe the general nematode life cycle.  How many larval stages do nematodes have?
  2. Know the anatomy of Ascaris.  What is its life cycle?  (How do people get infected?)  What organ  

      is damaged as the larvae migrate through the host?  How can you distinguish males from females?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Where are hookworms found in their host?  What damage do they cause?  How do people get   infected with hookworms?

 

 

  1. Where are adult pinworms found?  Do they cause serious disease?  How do people get infected with pinworm?

 

 

 

  1. Describe the life cycle of Trichinella.  How do people become infected with the trichina worm?

 

 

 

  1. What are the larval stages of filarial worms called?  Know the vector for the filarial worms that cause elephantiasis and heartworm.

 

 

MOLLUSCS:

  1. Why do most molluscs need shells?  Which class has many members with reduced or no shell?

 

 

  1. What range of habitats are molluscs found in?  What chemical element is the main limiting factor in determining their environment?

 

 

  1. What type of symmetry do molluscs have?  Are they acoelomates, pseudocoelomates or eucoelomates?

 

  1. What is a radula?  Which class does not have one?

 

  1. Are most molluscs monoecious or dioecious?

 

  1. Know the characteristics of the 5 classes of molluscs we studied in class and know examples of each (at least by their common name).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Describe the shells of chitons?  What class are chitons in?

 

 

  1. What shape is the shell of members of the class Scaphopoda?

 

 

  1. Which mollusc class has one-piece shells and includes the snails?

 

 

  1. Which mollusc class has 2-shells?  How does this group feed?

 

 

 

  1. What are the two possible larval stages found in the Molluscs?

 

 

 

100. What animals are in the class Cephalopoda?  How do they feed?  What unique characteristics do

        members of this group have?