REVIEW QUESTIONS
EXAM FOUR
UPDATED NOVEMBER 2006
Phylum Mollusca:
1. What characteristic does the name
“mollusca” refer to?
2. In what habitats are molluscs
found? What mineral can be a limiting
factor in their distribution and why?
3. Know the characteristics of the
phylum Mollusca.
4. What is a radula? What class does not possess one?
5. What is the function of the mantle?
6. What class are the chitons in? Describe their general body shape.
7. What class are the tooth shells
in? Describe their feeding method. In what habitat are they found?
8. What are common examples of the class
Gastropoda? Describe their general body
form and how they feed.
9. What is the major characteristics of
members of the class Bivalvia? How do
they feed? What is their lifestyle? Know some common examples of bivalves.
10. What animals are found in the class
Cephalopoda? What is special about their
nervous system?
11. Where are cephalopods found? What type of feeders are they?
12. Describe the general body structure
of cephalopods.
13. Describe movement in cephalopods.
Phylum Annelida:
1. What is the common name and the genus
name for the polychaete we discussed..
What is the common name and the genus name for the oligochaete we
discussed. What is the common name for
the members of class Hirudinea?
2. What was the advantage of
segmentation in the evolution of the annelids?
3. Describe the characteristics of the
annelids, as listed in class.
4. Describe the members of the class
Polychaeta. What are parapodia and
setae? Know common members of the class
Polychaeta. Do they have parapodia? setae?
A clitellum?
5. What is the difference between a
errant polychaete and a sedentary polychaete?
6. Describe the types of feeding seen in
the various polychaetes.
7. What are the characteristics of the
class Oligochaeta? What does the prefix
“oligo” mean? Do they have
parapodia? setae? A clitellum?
8. What is the function of the
clitellum? Which annelids have one?
9. What class are leeches in? Do they have parapodia? setae?
A clitellum?
10. What two types of feeding are seen in
leeches?
11. Do leeches have any current medical
application? If so, what?
Phylum Arthropoda:
1. What does the name “Arthropoda” mean?
2. Know common examples of arthropods.
3.
Know the
characteristics of phylum Arthropoda as given in class. Include symmetry, if they have a body cavity,
their outer covering, means of respiration, metamorphosis, and type of
reproduction.
4. Know the six advancements of
arthropods that allowed them to have their great success.
5. Know the classification of the
arthropods (see lab handout).
6. Which subphylum of the phylum
Arthropoda is extinct?
7.
Which subphylum
has chelicerae, but no mandibles or antennae?
Know examples of this group from classes Merostomata and Arachnida.
8. Which subphylum has mandibles, and
two pairs of antennae? Know examples of
this group.
9.
Which subphylum
has unbranched appendages, mandibles, and one pair of antennae? Know examples of this group from the classes
Chilopoda, Diplopoda and Insecta.
10. Know the six orders of insects we
studied.
Phylum Echinodermata:
1. What does the name “Echinodermata”
mean?
2. What type of symmetry do the adults
have? the larvae?
3. What type of skeleton do echinoderms
have? What is it made of?
4. In what habitats are echinoderms
found?
5. Know the common names of the
echinoderms we studied in lab
6. Describe the water vascular system in
echinoderms.
CHORDATES/FISHES:
1. What are the five hallmark
chordate characteristics? Be able to
describe the significance and/or function of each characteristic. Do all chordates show these characteristics
throughout their lifespan?
2. What are tunicates (sea
squirts)? What is their life cycle? What subphylum are they in?
3. What is a lancelet? In what habitat are they found? What subphylum are they in?
4. What is the major
characteristic of the subphylum Vertebrata?
Do all members of the subphylum have this characteristic? If not, which ones don’t?
5. What is the key difference
between the Agnatha and the Gnathostomata superclasses?
6. What are the seven classes
of Gnathostomata?
7. What is the classification
of hagfish and lampreys? What are their
characteristics?
8. How do hagfish feed?
9. What is the typical life
cycle of a lamprey, including how they feed?
10. What are the characteristics
of the Superclass Gnathostomata?
11. What three classes of fish
are in the Superclass Gnathostomata?
12. What are examples of the
class Chondrichthyes?
13. What are the characteristics
of members of class Chondrichthyes?
14. Define the terms oviparous,
ovoviviparous and viviparous.
15. What animal classes makeup
the tetrapods?
16. How is a heterocercal tail,
a diphycercal tail an a homocercal tail?
What are examples of fish with each type of tail?
17. What are the characteristics
of the classes Actinopterygii & Sarcopterygii? Know examples of each.
18. What is a lateral line, and
what is it used for?
19. How does the skeleton of a
member of the class Chondrichthyes differ from that of a member of class
Osteichthyes?
20. What is the major difference
between ray-finned fish and lobed-finned fish?
What are examples of each?
21. What is a coelacanth, and
what was so unusual about them?
22. Are there any fishes with
the ability to breathe air?
CLASS AMPHIBIA:
1. What is a tetrapod?
2. Which tetrapod classes are
amniotes, and which are not?
3. What were some advantages of
animals moving to land?
4. What were some disadvantages
of animals moving to land?
5. In what geological time
period did amphibians first appear? How
many years ago was this?
6. Did fish develop legs and
lungs specifically to be able to move to land?
7. What is the importance
of Ichthyostega? What do we know about it from the fossil
record?
8. What is special about the
genus Tiktaalik?
9. The tetrapods evolved from
which line of fish?
10. What are the major
characteristics of the class Amphibia?
11. How does the skin of
amphibians differ from that of reptiles?
12. What is the typical life
cycle of an amphibian?
13. In what two major ways are
amphibians still tied to an aquatic life?
14. How does amphibian eggs
differ from those of the amniotes?
15. Describe the amphibian
heart? How does it compare to other
vertebrate hearts?
1. In what habitats are
amphibians found?
2. What are the three order of
amphibians and what are examples of each?
3. What are the characteristics
of each amphibian order?
CLASS REPTILIA:
1. Why are reptiles said to be
the first truly terrestrial vertebrates?
2. What are the two divisions
of the tetrapods?
3. Describe the amniotic egg,
including all of the membranes. Be able
to label a diagram of an amniotic egg.
Do all amniotes have an egg shell?
4. What are the major
characteristics of the class Reptilia?
5. Why do reptiles require a
much lower caloric diet than birds or mammals?
6. Know the characteristics of
each of the three reptile orders.
7. Can a turtle leave its
shell? If not, why not?
8. What are the two basic parts
of a turtle shell?
9. What suborder are lizards
in? snakes?
10. What are some differences
between lizards and snakes?
11. What is the function of
Jacobson’s organ in snakes?
12. What is a pit viper? What is the function of the pit organ?
13. Which two orders of reptiles
have remained virtually unchanged for the last 200 million years?
14. Which reptile order has
members with a 4-chambered heart?
15. In what way do reptiles
regulate their body temperature, that is not seen as much in amphibians?
CLASS AVES:
1. What one unique
characteristic is shared by all members of the class Aves?
2. Why do all birds have the
same basic body plan?
3. What are the major
characteristics of the class Aves?
4. Which vertebrate group did
the birds evolve from?
5. What is the importance of
the fossil of Archaeopteryx?
6. Feathers are homologous to
what reptile structure?
7. What are the parts of a
feather?
8. What adaptations for flight
have evolved in birds?
9. What makes bird respiration
so efficient? Why do birds need the
increase in efficiency?
10. What is the function of a
gizzard? Why do birds need one?
11. Describe reproduction in
birds.
12. What are some advantages of
monogamy in birds?
13. Why do most birds migrate?
MAMMALS:
1. What one characteristic do
all mammals share?
2. Which vertebrate group
contains the most diverse members?
3. Rank the vertebrate classes
from the least number of species to the most.
4. The earliest mammals
appeared on earth about how many years ago?
Did they appear before or after the birds?
5. Describe the earliest
mammals. What animal did they most
resemble?
6. What event occurred that
allowed the mammals to takeover from the reptiles as the dominate vertebrate
group? When did this happen (how many
years ago, and at the end of what geologic period?
7. What are the major mammalian
characteristics?
8. Be able to list the various
functions of hair.
9. What are the differences
between horns and antlers? Which animals
have which?
10. What is the composition of a
rhinoceros horn?
11. List the integumentary
glands of mammals and give the functions of each.
12. List and define the
different tropic groups of mammals.
13. Do mammals have heterodont
or homodont teeth? What is the
difference?
14. List the four types of
mammal teeth and give the function of each.
15. What are the major
characteristics and what are some examples of monotremes, marsupials and
placental mammals?
Some possible short-answer questions:
1. List and describe the 4
hallmark characteristics of Chordates.
2. Be able to list the six
classes of vertebrates.
3. What were some advantages
and disadvantages of animals moving from an aquatic environment to a
terrestrial one?
4. Be able to describe the
amniotic egg and relate the importance of its evolution to terrestrial animals.
5. List some anatomical
adaptation for flight that evolved in birds.
6. Briefly, describe the
evolutionary origins of mammals (just in the amount of detail we covered in
class).
7. Be able to classify humans
into the following taxonomic categories: Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class,
Order, Family, Genus and Species.